5.1.1 Katādhikārasaphalapañha

Atha kho milindo rājā katāvakāso nipacca garuno pāde sirasi añjaliṃ katvā etadavoca—

“bhante nāgasena, ime titthiyā evaṃ bhaṇanti—  ‘yadi buddho pūjaṃ sādiyati, na parinibbuto buddho saṃyutto lokena antobhaviko lokasmiṃ lokasādhāraṇo, tasmā tassa kato adhikāro avañjho bhavati saphalo. Yadi parinibbuto visaṃyutto lokena nissaṭo sabbabhavehi, tassa pūjā nuppajjati, parinibbuto na kiñci sādiyati, asādiyantassa kato adhikāro vañjho bhavati aphalo’ti ubhato koṭiko eso pañho, neso visayo appattamānasānaṃ, mahantānaṃ yeveso visayo, bhindetaṃ diṭṭhijālaṃ ekaṃse ṭhapaya, taveso pañho anuppatto, anāgatānaṃ jinaputtānaṃ cakkhuṃ dehi paravādaniggahāyā”ti.

Thero āha—

“parinibbuto, mahārāja, bhagavā, na ca bhagavā pūjaṃ sādiyati, bodhimūleyeva tathāgatassa sādiyanā pahīnā, kiṃ pana anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbutassa. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, therena sāriputtena dhammasenāpatinā—

‘Pūjiyantā asamasamā,
sadevamānusehi te;
Na sādiyanti sakkāraṃ,
buddhānaṃ esa dhammatā’”ti.

Rājā āha—

“bhante nāgasena, putto vā pituno vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, pitā vā puttassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, na cetaṃ kāraṇaṃ paravādānaṃ niggahāya, pasādappakāsanaṃ nāmetaṃ, iṅgha me tvaṃ tattha kāraṇaṃ sammā brūhi sakavādassa patiṭṭhāpanāya diṭṭhijālaviniveṭhanāyā”ti.

Thero āha—

“parinibbuto, mahārāja, bhagavā, na ca bhagavā pūjaṃ sādiyati, asādiyantasseva tathāgatassa devamanussā dhāturatanaṃ vatthuṃ karitvā tathāgatassa ñāṇaratanārammaṇena sammāpaṭipattiṃ sevantā tisso sampattiyo paṭilabhanti.

Yathā, mahārāja, mahatimahāaggikkhandho pajjalitvā nibbāyeyya, api nu kho so, mahārāja, mahāaggikkhandho sādiyati tiṇakaṭṭhupādānan”ti?

“Jalamānopi so, bhante, mahāaggikkhandho tiṇakaṭṭhupādānaṃ na sādiyati, kiṃ pana nibbuto upasanto acetano sādiya”ti?

“Tasmiṃ pana, mahārāja, aggikkhandhe uparate upasante loke aggi suñño hotī”ti.

“Na hi, bhante, kaṭṭhaṃ aggissa vatthu hoti upādānaṃ, ye keci manussā aggikāmā, te attano thāmabalavīriyena paccattapurisakārena kaṭṭhaṃ manthayitvā aggiṃ nibbattetvā tena agginā aggikaraṇīyāni kammāni karontī”ti.

“Tena hi, mahārāja, titthiyānaṃ vacanaṃ micchā bhavati ‘asādiyantassa kato adhikāro vañjho bhavati aphalo’ti.

Yathā, mahārāja, mahatimahāaggikkhandho pajjali; evameva bhagavā dasasahassiyā lokadhātuyā buddhasiriyā pajjali. Yathā, mahārāja, mahatimahāaggikkhandho pajjalitvā nibbuto; evameva bhagavā dasasahassiyā lokadhātuyā buddhasiriyā pajjalitvā anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbuto. Yathā, mahārāja, nibbuto aggikkhandho tiṇakaṭṭhupādānaṃ na sādiyati; evameva kho lokahitassa sādiyanā pahīnā upasantā. Yathā, mahārāja, manussā nibbute aggikkhandhe anupādāne attano thāmabalavīriyena paccattapurisakārena kaṭṭhaṃ manthayitvā aggiṃ nibbattetvā tena agginā aggikaraṇīyāni kammāni karonti; evameva kho devamanussā tathāgatassa parinibbutassa asādiyantasseva dhāturatanaṃ vatthuṃ karitvā tathāgatassa ñāṇaratanārammaṇena sammāpaṭipattiṃ sevantā tisso sampattiyo paṭilabhanti, imināpi, mahārāja, kāraṇena tathāgatassa parinibbutassa asādiyantasseva kato adhikāro avañjho bhavati saphalo.

Aparampi, mahārāja, uttariṃ kāraṇaṃ suṇohi yena kāraṇena tathāgatassa parinibbutassa asādiyantasseva kato adhikāro avañjho bhavati saphalo. Yathā, mahārāja, mahatimahāvāto vāyitvā uparameyya, api nu kho so, mahārāja, uparato vāto sādiyati puna nibbattāpanan”ti?

“Na hi, bhante, uparatassa vātassa ābhogo vā manasikāro vā puna nibbattāpanāya”. “Kiṃkāraṇaṃ”? “Acetanā sā vāyodhātū”ti.

“Api nu tassa, mahārāja, uparatassa vātassa vātoti samaññā apagacchatī”ti?

“Na hi, bhante, tālavaṇṭavidhūpanāni vātassa uppattiyā paccayā, ye keci manussā uṇhābhitattā pariḷāhaparipīḷitā, te tālavaṇṭena vā vidhūpanena vā attano thāmabalavīriyena paccattapurisakārena taṃ nibbattetvā tena vātena uṇhaṃ nibbāpenti pariḷāhaṃ vūpasamentī”ti.

“Tena hi, mahārāja, titthiyānaṃ vacanaṃ micchā bhavati ‘asādiyantassa kato adhikāro vañjho bhavati aphalo’ti.

Yathā, mahārāja, mahatimahāvāto vāyi; evameva bhagavā dasasahassiyā lokadhātuyā sītalamadhurasantasukhumamettāvātena upavāyi. Yathā, mahārāja, mahatimahāvāto vāyitvā uparato; evameva bhagavā sītalamadhurasantasukhumamettāvātena upavāyitvā anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbuto. Yathā, mahārāja, uparato vāto puna nibbattāpanaṃ na sādiyati; evameva lokahitassa sādiyanā pahīnā upasantā. Yathā, mahārāja, te manussā uṇhābhitattā pariḷāhaparipīḷitā; evameva devamanussā tividhaggisantāpapariḷāhaparipīḷitā. Yathā tālavaṇṭavidhūpanāni vātassa nibbattiyā paccayā honti; evameva tathāgatassa dhātu ca ñāṇaratanañca paccayo hoti tissannaṃ sampattīnaṃ paṭilābhāya. Yathā manussā uṇhābhitattā pariḷāhaparipīḷitā tālavaṇṭena vā vidhūpanena vā vātaṃ nibbattetvā uṇhaṃ nibbāpenti pariḷāhaṃ vūpasamenti; evameva devamanussā tathāgatassa parinibbutassa asādiyantasseva dhātuñca ñāṇaratanañca pūjetvā kusalaṃ nibbattetvā tena kusalena tividhaggisantāpapariḷāhaṃ nibbāpenti vūpasamenti. Imināpi, mahārāja, kāraṇena tathāgatassa parinibbutassa asādiyantasseva kato adhikāro avañjho bhavati saphaloti.

Aparampi, mahārāja, uttariṃ kāraṇaṃ suṇohi paravādānaṃ niggahāya. Yathā, mahārāja, puriso bheriṃ ākoṭetvā saddaṃ nibbatteyya, yo so bherisaddo purisena nibbattito, so saddo antaradhāyeyya, api nu kho so, mahārāja, saddo sādiyati puna nibbattāpanan”ti?

“Na hi, bhante, antarahito so saddo, natthi tassa puna uppādāya ābhogo vā manasikāro vā, sakiṃ nibbatte bherisadde antarahite so bherisaddo samucchinno hoti. Bherī pana, bhante, paccayo hoti saddassa nibbattiyā, atha puriso paccaye sati attajena vāyāmena bheriṃ akoṭetvā saddaṃ nibbattetī”ti.

“Evameva kho, mahārāja, bhagavā sīlasamādhipaññāvimuttivimuttiñāṇadassanaparibhāvitaṃ dhāturatanañca dhammañca vinayañca anusiṭṭhañca satthāraṃ ṭhapayitvā sayaṃ anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbuto, na ca parinibbute bhagavati sampattilābho upacchinno hoti, bhavadukkhapaṭipīḷitā sattā dhāturatanañca dhammañca vinayañca anusiṭṭhañca paccayaṃ karitvā sampattikāmā sampattiyo paṭilabhanti, imināpi, mahārāja, kāraṇena tathāgatassa parinibbutassa asādiyantasseva kato adhikāro avañjho bhavati saphaloti.

Diṭṭhañcetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā anāgatamaddhānaṃ. Kathitañca bhaṇitañca ācikkhitañca ‘siyā kho panānanda, tumhākaṃ evamassa atītasatthukaṃ pāvacanaṃ natthi no satthāti, na kho panetaṃ, ānanda, evaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ, yo vo, ānanda, mayā dhammo ca vinayo ca desito paññatto, so vo mamaccayena satthā’ti. Parinibbutassa tathāgatassa asādiyantassa kato adhikāro vañjho bhavati aphaloti, taṃ tesaṃ titthiyānaṃ vacanaṃ micchā abhūtaṃ vitathaṃ alikaṃ viruddhaṃ viparītaṃ dukkhadāyakaṃ dukkhavipākaṃ apāyagamanīyanti.

Aparampi, mahārāja, uttariṃ kāraṇaṃ suṇohi yena kāraṇena tathāgatassa parinibbutassa asādiyantasseva kato adhikāro avañjho bhavati saphalo. Sādiyati nu kho, mahārāja, ayaṃ mahāpathavī ‘sabbabījāni mayi saṃviruhantū’”ti?

“Na hi, bhante”ti.

“Kissa pana tāni, mahārāja, bījāni asādiyantiyā mahāpathaviyā saṃviruhitvā daḷhamūlajaṭāpatiṭṭhitā khandhasārasākhāparivitthiṇṇā pupphaphaladharā hontī”ti?

“Asādiyantīpi, bhante, mahāpathavī tesaṃ bījānaṃ vatthu hoti paccayaṃ deti viruhanāya, tāni bījāni taṃ vatthuṃ nissāya tena paccayena saṃviruhitvā daḷhamūlajaṭāpatiṭṭhitā khandhasārasākhāparivitthiṇṇā pupphaphaladharā hontī”ti.

“Tena hi, mahārāja, titthiyā sake vāde naṭṭhā honti hatā viruddhā, sace te bhaṇanti—  ‘asādiyantassa kato adhikāro vañjho bhavati aphalo’ti.

Yathā, mahārāja, mahāpathavī, evaṃ tathāgato arahaṃ sammāsambuddho. Yathā, mahārāja, mahāpathavī na kiñci sādiyati, evaṃ tathāgato na kiñci sādiyati. Yathā, mahārāja, tāni bījāni pathaviṃ nissāya saṃviruhitvā daḷhamūlajaṭāpatiṭṭhitā khandhasārasākhāparivitthiṇṇā pupphaphaladharā honti, evaṃ devamanussā tathāgatassa parinibbutassa asādiyantasseva dhātuñca ñāṇaratanañca nissāya daḷhakusalamūlapatiṭṭhitā samādhikkhandhadhammasārasīlasākhāparivitthiṇṇā vimuttipupphasāmaññaphaladharā honti, imināpi, mahārāja, kāraṇena tathāgatassa parinibbutassa asādiyantasseva kato adhikāro avañjho bhavati saphaloti.

Aparampi, mahārāja, uttariṃ kāraṇaṃ suṇohi yena kāraṇena tathāgatassa parinibbutassa asādiyantasseva kato adhikāro avañjho bhavati saphalo. Sādiyanti nu kho, mahārāja, ime oṭṭhā goṇā gadrabhā ajā pasū manussā antokucchismiṃ kimikulānaṃ sambhavan”ti?

“Na hi, bhante”ti.

“Kissa pana te, mahārāja, kimayo tesaṃ asādiyantānaṃ antokucchismiṃ sambhavitvā bahuputtanattā vepullataṃ pāpuṇantī”ti?

“Pāpassa, bhante, kammassa balavatāya asādiyantānaṃyeva tesaṃ sattānaṃ antokucchismiṃ kimayo sambhavitvā bahuputtanattā vepullataṃ pāpuṇantī”ti.

“Evameva kho, mahārāja, tathāgatassa parinibbutassa asādiyantasseva dhātussa ca ñāṇārammaṇassa ca balavatāya tathāgate kato adhikāro avañjho bhavati saphaloti.

Aparampi, mahārāja, uttariṃ kāraṇaṃ suṇohi yena kāraṇena tathāgatassa parinibbutassa asādiyantasseva kato adhikāro avañjho bhavati saphalo. Sādiyanti nu kho, mahārāja, ime manussā ime aṭṭhanavuti rogā kāye nibbattantū”ti?

“Na hi, bhante”ti.

“Kissa pana te, mahārāja, rogā asādiyantānaṃ kāye nipatantī”ti?

“Pubbe katena, bhante, duccaritenā”ti.

“Yadi, mahārāja, pubbe kataṃ akusalaṃ idha vedanīyaṃ hoti, tena hi, mahārāja, pubbe katampi idha katampi kusalākusalaṃ kammaṃ avañjhaṃ bhavati saphalanti. Imināpi, mahārāja, kāraṇena tathāgatassa parinibbutassa asādiyantasseva kato adhikāro avañjho bhavati saphaloti.

Sutapubbaṃ pana tayā, mahārāja, nandako nāma yakkho theraṃ sāriputtaṃ āsādayitvā pathaviṃ paviṭṭho”ti?

“Āma, bhante, suyyati, loke pākaṭo eso”ti.

“Api nu kho, mahārāja, thero sāriputto sādiyi nandakassa yakkhassa mahāpathavigilanan”ti.

“Ubbattiyantepi, bhante, sadevake loke patamānepi chamāyaṃ candimasūriye vikirantepi sinerupabbatarāje thero sāriputto na parassa dukkhaṃ sādiyeyya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Yena hetunā thero sāriputto kujjheyya vā dusseyya vā, so hetu therassa sāriputtassa samūhato samucchinno, hetuno samugghātitattā, bhante, thero sāriputto jīvitahārakepi kopaṃ na kareyyā”ti.

“Yadi, mahārāja, thero sāriputto nandakassa yakkhassa pathavigilanaṃ na sādiyi, kissa pana nandako yakkho pathaviṃ paviṭṭho”ti?

“Akusalassa, bhante, kammassa balavatāyā”ti.

“Yadi, mahārāja, akusalassa kammassa balavatāya nandako yakkho pathaviṃ paviṭṭho, asādiyantassāpi kato aparādho avañjho bhavati saphalo. Tena hi, mahārāja, akusalassapi kammassa balavatāya asādiyantassa kato adhikāro avañjho bhavati saphaloti. Imināpi, mahārāja, kāraṇena tathāgatassa parinibbutassa asādiyantasseva kato adhikāro avañjho bhavati saphaloti.

Kati nu kho te, mahārāja, manussā, ye etarahi mahāpathaviṃ paviṭṭhā, atthi te tattha savaṇan”ti?

“Āma, bhante, suyyatī”ti.

“Iṅgha tvaṃ, mahārāja, sāvehī”ti?

“Ciñcamāṇavikā, bhante, suppabuddho ca sakko, devadatto ca thero, nandako ca yakkho, nando ca māṇavakoti. Sutametaṃ, bhante, ime pañca janā mahāpathaviṃ paviṭṭhā”ti.

“Kismiṃ te, mahārāja, aparaddhā”ti?

“Bhagavati ca, bhante, sāvakesu cā”ti.

“Api nu kho, mahārāja, bhagavā vā sāvakā vā sādiyiṃsu imesaṃ mahāpathavipavisanan”ti?

“Na hi, bhante”ti.

“Tena hi, mahārāja, tathāgatassa parinibbutassa asādiyantasseva kato adhikāro avañjho bhavati saphalo”ti.

“Suviññāpito, bhante nāgasena, pañho gambhīro uttānīkato, guyhaṃ vidaṃsitaṃ, gaṇṭhi bhinno, gahanaṃ agahanaṃ kataṃ, naṭṭhā paravādā, bhaggā kudiṭṭhī, nippabhā jātā kutitthiyā, tvaṃ gaṇivarapavaramāsajjā”ti.

Katādhikārasaphalapañho paṭhamo.