4.1.6 Catubyūhahāravibhaṅga

Tattha katamo catubyūho hāro? “Neruttamadhippāyo”ti ayaṃ. Byañjanena suttassa neruttañca adhippāyo ca nidānañca pubbāparasandhi ca gavesitabbo. Tattha katamaṃ neruttaṃ, yā niruttipadasaṃhitā, yaṃ dhammānaṃ nāmaso ñāṇaṃ. Yadā hi bhikkhu atthassa ca nāmaṃ jānāti, dhammassa ca nāmaṃ jānāti, tathā tathā naṃ abhiniropeti. Ayañca vuccati atthakusalo dhammakusalo byañjanakusalo niruttikusalo pubbāparakusalo desanākusalo atītādhivacanakusalo anāgatādhivacanakusalo paccuppannādhivacanakusalo itthādhivacanakusalo purisādhivacanakusalo napuṃsakādhivacanakusalo ekādhivacanakusalo anekādhivacanakusalo, evaṃ sabbāni kātabbāni janapadaniruttāni sabbā ca janapadaniruttiyo. Ayaṃ niruttipadasaṃhitā.

Tattha katamo adhippāyo?

“Dhammo have rakkhati dhammacāriṃ,
Chattaṃ mahantaṃ yatha vassakāle;
Esānisaṃso dhamme suciṇṇe,
Na duggatiṃ gacchati dhammacārī”ti.

Idha bhagavato ko adhippāyo? Ye apāyehi parimuccitukāmā bhavissanti, te dhammacārino bhavissantīti ayaṃ ettha bhagavato adhippāyo.

“Coro yathā sandhimukhe gahīto,
Sakammunā haññati bajjhate ca;
Evaṃ ayaṃ pecca pajā parattha,
Sakammunā haññati bajjhate cā”ti.

Idha bhagavato ko adhippāyo? Sañcetanikānaṃ katānaṃ kammānaṃ upacitānaṃ dukkhavedanīyānaṃ aniṭṭhaṃ asātaṃ vipākaṃ paccanubhavissatīti ayaṃ ettha bhagavato adhippāyo.

“Sukhakāmāni bhūtāni,
Yo daṇḍena vihiṃsati;
Attano sukhamesāno,
Pecca so na labhate sukhan”ti.

Idha bhagavato ko adhippāyo? Ye sukhena atthikā bhavissanti, te pāpakammaṃ na karissantīti ayaṃ ettha bhagavato adhippāyo.

“Middhī yadā hoti mahagghaso ca,
Niddāyitā samparivattasāyī;
Mahāvarāhova nivāpapuṭṭho,
Punappunaṃ gabbhamupeti mando”ti.

Idha bhagavato ko adhippāyo? Ye jarāmaraṇena aṭṭiyitukāmā bhavissanti, te bhavissanti bhojane mattaññuno indriyesu guttadvārā pubbarattāpararattaṃ jāgariyānuyogamanuyuttā vipassakā kusalesu dhammesu sagāravā ca sabrahmacārīsu theresu navesu majjhimesūti ayaṃ ettha bhagavato adhippāyo.

“Appamādo amatapadaṃ,
Pamādo maccuno padaṃ;
Appamattā na mīyanti,
Ye pamattā yathā matā”ti.

Idha bhagavato ko adhippāyo? Ye amatapariyesanaṃ pariyesitukāmā bhavissanti, te appamattā viharissantīti ayaṃ ettha bhagavato adhippāyo. Ayaṃ adhippāyo.

Tattha katamaṃ nidānaṃ? Yathā so dhaniyo gopālako bhagavantaṃ āha—

“Nandati puttehi puttimā,
Gomā gohi tatheva nandati;
Upadhī hi narassa nandanā,
Na hi so nandati yo nirūpadhī”ti.

Bhagavā āha—

“Socati puttehi puttimā,
Gopiko gohi tatheva socati;
Upadhī hi narassa socanā,
Na hi so socati yo nirūpadhī”ti.

Iminā vatthunā iminā nidānena evaṃ ñāyati “idha bhagavā bāhiraṃ pariggahaṃ upadhiṃ āhā”ti. Yathā ca māro pāpimā gijjhakūṭā pabbatā puthusilaṃ pātesi, bhagavā āha—

“Sacepi kevalaṃ sabbaṃ,
gijjhakūṭaṃ calessasi;
Neva sammāvimuttānaṃ,
buddhānaṃ atthi iñjitaṃ.

Nabhaṃ phaleyyappathavī caleyya,
Sabbeva pāṇā uda santaseyyuṃ;
Sallampi ce urasi pakappayeyyuṃ,
Upadhīsu tāṇaṃ na karonti buddhā”ti.

Iminā vatthunā iminā nidānena evaṃ ñāyati “idha bhagavā kāyaṃ upadhiṃ āhā”ti. Yathā cāha—

“Na taṃ daḷhaṃ bandhanamāhu dhīrā,
Yadāyasaṃ dārujapabbajañca;
Sārattarattā maṇikuṇḍalesu,
Puttesu dāresu ca yā apekkhā”ti.

Iminā vatthunā iminā nidānena evaṃ ñāyati “idha bhagavā bāhiresu vatthūsu taṇhaṃ āhā”ti. Yathā cāha—

“Etaṃ daḷhaṃ bandhanamāhu dhīrā,
Ohārinaṃ sithilaṃ duppamuñcaṃ;
Etampi chetvāna paribbajanti,
Anapekkhino kāmasukhaṃ pahāyā”ti.

Iminā vatthunā iminā nidānena evaṃ ñāyati “idha bhagavā bāhiravatthukāya taṇhāya pahānaṃ āhā”ti. Yathā cāha—

“Āturaṃ asuciṃ pūtiṃ,
duggandhaṃ dehanissitaṃ;
Paggharantaṃ divā rattiṃ,
bālānaṃ abhinanditan”ti.

Iminā vatthunā iminā nidānena evaṃ ñāyati “idha bhagavā ajjhattikavatthukāya taṇhāya pahānaṃ āhā”ti. Yathā cāha—

“Ucchinda sinehamattano,
Kumudaṃ sāradikaṃva pāṇinā;
Santimaggameva brūhaya,
Nibbānaṃ sugatena desitan”ti.

Iminā vatthunā iminā nidānena evaṃ ñāyati “idha bhagavā ajjhattikavatthukāya taṇhāya pahānaṃ āhā”ti. Idaṃ nidānaṃ.

Tattha katamo pubbāparasandhi. Yathāha—

“Kāmandhā jālasañchannā,
Taṇhāchadanachāditā;
Pamattabandhanā baddhā,
Macchāva kumināmukhe;
Jarāmaraṇamanventi,
Vaccho khīrapakova mātaran”ti.

Ayaṃ kāmataṇhā vuttā. Sā katamena pubbāparena yujjati? Yathāha—

“Ratto atthaṃ na jānāti,
ratto dhammaṃ na passati;
Andhantamaṃ tadā hoti,
yaṃ rāgo sahate naran”ti.

Iti andhatāya ca sañchannatāya ca sāyeva taṇhā abhilapitā. Yañcāha kāmandhā jālasañchannā, taṇhāchadanachāditāti. Yañcāha ratto atthaṃ na jānāti, ratto dhammaṃ na passatīti, imehi padehi pariyuṭṭhānehi sāyeva taṇhā abhilapitā. Yaṃ andhakāraṃ, ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo, yā ca taṇhā ponobhavikā, yañcāha kāmāti ime kilesakāmā. Yañcāha jālasañchannāti tesaṃyeva kāmānaṃ payogena pariyuṭṭhānaṃ dasseti, tasmā kilesavasena ca pariyuṭṭhānavasena ca taṇhābandhanaṃ vuttaṃ. Ye edisikā, te jarāmaraṇaṃ anventi, ayaṃ bhagavatā yathānikkhittagāthābalena dassitā jarāmaraṇamanventīti.

“Yassa papañcā ṭhitī ca natthi,
Sandānaṃ palighañca vītivatto;
Taṃ nittaṇhaṃ muniṃ carantaṃ,
Na vijānāti sadevakopi loko”ti.

Papañcā nāma taṇhādiṭṭhimānā, tadabhisaṅkhatā ca saṅkhārā. Ṭhiti nāma anusayā. Sandānaṃ nāma taṇhāya pariyuṭṭhānaṃ, yāni chattiṃsataṇhāya jāliniyā vicaritāni. Paligho nāma moho. Ye ca papañcā saṅkhārā yā ca ṭhiti yaṃ sandānañca yaṃ palighañca yo etaṃ sabbaṃ samatikkanto, ayaṃ vuccati nittaṇho iti.

Tattha pariyuṭṭhānasaṅkhārā diṭṭhadhammavedanīyā vā upapajjavedanīyā vā aparāpariyavedanīyā vā, evaṃ taṇhā tividhaṃ phalaṃ deti diṭṭhe vā dhamme upapajje vā apare vā pariyāye. Evaṃ bhagavā āha—

“yaṃ lobhapakataṃ kammaṃ karoti kāyena vā vācāya vā manasā vā, tassa vipākaṃ anubhoti diṭṭhe vā dhamme upapajje vā apare vā pariyāye”ti. Idaṃ bhagavato pubbāparena yujjati. Tattha pariyuṭṭhānaṃ diṭṭhadhammavedanīyaṃ vā kammaṃ upapajjavedanīyaṃ vā kammaṃ aparāpariyāyavedanīyaṃ vā kammaṃ, evaṃ kammaṃ tidhā vipaccati diṭṭhe vā dhamme upapajje vā apare vā pariyāye. Yathāha—

“Yañce bālo idha pāṇātipātī hoti…pe…  micchādiṭṭhi hoti, tassa diṭṭhe vā dhamme vipākaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti upapajje vā apare vā pariyāye”ti. Idaṃ bhagavato pubbāparena yujjati. Tattha pariyuṭṭhānaṃ paṭisaṅkhānabalena pahātabbaṃ, saṅkhārā dassanabalena, chattiṃsa taṇhāvicaritāni bhāvanābalena pahātabbānīti evaṃ taṇhāpi tidhā pahīyati. Yā nittaṇhātā ayaṃ saupādisesā nibbānadhātu. Bhedā kāyassa ayaṃ anupādisesā nibbānadhātu.

Papañco nāma vuccati anubandho. Yañcāha bhagavā “papañceti atītānāgatapaccuppannaṃ cakkhuviññeyyaṃ rūpaṃ ārabbhā”ti. Yañcāha bhagavā—

“atīte, rādha, rūpe anapekkho hohi, anāgataṃ rūpaṃ mā abhinandi, paccuppannassa rūpassa nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya paṭinissaggāya paṭipajjā”ti. Idaṃ bhagavato pubbāparena yujjati. Yo cāpi papañco ye ca saṅkhārā yā ca atītānāgatapaccuppannassa abhinandanā, idaṃ ekatthaṃ. Api ca aññamaññehi padehi aññamaññehi akkharehi aññamaññehi byañjanehi aparimāṇā dhammadesanā vuttā bhagavatā. Evaṃ suttena suttaṃ saṃsandayitvā pubbāparena saddhiṃ yojayitvā suttaṃ niddiṭṭhaṃ bhavati.

So cāyaṃ pubbāparo sandhi catubbidho atthasandhi byañjanasandhi desanāsandhi niddesasandhīti.

Tattha atthasandhi chappadāni saṅkāsanā pakāsanā vivaraṇā vibhajanā uttānīkammatā paññattīti.

Byañjanasandhi chappadāni akkharaṃ padaṃ byañjanaṃ ākāro nirutti niddesoti.

Desanāsandhi na ca pathaviṃ nissāya jhāyati jhāyī jhāyati ca. Na ca āpaṃ nissāya jhāyati jhāyī jhāyati ca, na ca tejaṃ nissāya jhāyati jhāyī jhāyati ca, na ca vāyuṃ nissāya jhāyati jhāyī jhāyati ca…pe…  na ca ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ nissāya…  na ca viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ nissāya…  na ca ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ nissāya…  na ca nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ nissāya…  na ca imaṃ lokaṃ nissāya…  na ca paralokaṃ nissāya jhāyati jhāyī jhāyati ca. Yamidaṃ ubhayamantarena diṭṭhaṃ sutaṃ mutaṃ viññātaṃ pattaṃ pariyesitaṃ vitakkitaṃ vicāritaṃ manasānucintitaṃ, tampi nissāya na jhāyati jhāyī jhāyati ca. Ayaṃ sadevake loke samārake sabrahmake sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya anissitena cittena na ñāyati jhāyanto.

Yathā māro pāpimā godhikassa kulaputtassa viññāṇaṃ samanvesanto na jānāti na passati. So hi papañcātīto taṇhāpahānena diṭṭhinissayopissa natthi. Yathā ca godhikassa, evaṃ vakkalissa sadevakena lokena samārakena sabrahmakena sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya anissitacittā na ñāyanti jhāyamānā. Ayaṃ desanāsandhi.

Tattha katamā niddesasandhi? Nissitacittā akusalapakkhena niddisitabbā, anissitacittā kusalapakkhena niddisitabbā. Nissitacittā kilesena niddisitabbā, anissitacittā vodānena niddisitabbā. Nissitacittā saṃsārappavattiyā niddisitabbā, anissitacittā saṃsāranivattiyā niddisitabbā. Nissitacittā taṇhāya ca avijjāya ca niddisitabbā, anissitacittā samathena ca vipassanāya ca niddisitabbā. Nissitacittā ahirikena ca anottappena ca niddisitabbā, anissitacittā hiriyā ca ottappena ca niddisitabbā. Nissitacittā asatiyā ca asampajaññena ca niddisitabbā, anissitacittā satiyā ca sampajaññena ca niddisitabbā. Nissitacittā ayoniyā ca ayonisomanasikārena ca niddisitabbā, anissitacittā yoniyā ca yonisomanasikārena ca niddisitabbā. Nissitacittā kosajjena ca dovacassena ca niddisitabbā, anissitacittā vīriyārambhena ca sovacassena ca niddisitabbā. Nissitacittā assaddhiyena ca pamādena ca niddisitabbā, anissitacittā saddhāya ca appamādena ca niddisitabbā. Nissitacittā asaddhammassavanena ca asaṃvaraṇena ca niddisitabbā, anissitacittā saddhammassavanena ca saṃvarena ca niddisitabbā. Nissitacittā abhijjhāya ca byāpādena ca niddisitabbā, anissitacittā anabhijjhāya ca abyāpādena ca niddisitabbā. Nissitacittā nīvaraṇehi ca saṃyojaniyehi ca niddisitabbā, anissitacittā rāgavirāgāya ca cetovimuttiyā avijjāvirāgāya ca paññāvimuttiyā niddisitabbā. Nissitacittā ucchedadiṭṭhiyā ca sassatadiṭṭhiyā ca niddisitabbā, anissitacittā saupādisesāya ca anupādisesāya ca nibbānadhātuyā niddisitabbā. Ayaṃ niddesasandhi. Tenāha āyasmā mahākaccāyano “neruttamadhippāyo”ti.

Niyutto catubyūho hāro.