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Atha kho milindo rājā yenāyasmā nāgaseno tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ nāgasenaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi, ekamantaṃ nisinno kho milindo rājā ñātukāmo sotukāmo dhāretukāmo ñāṇālokaṃ daṭṭhukāmo aññāṇaṃ bhinditukāmo ñāṇālokaṃ uppādetukāmo avijjandhakāraṃ nāsetukāmo adhimattaṃ dhitiñca ussāhañca satiñca sampajaññañca upaṭṭhapetvā āyasmantaṃ nāgasenaṃ etadavoca—
“bhante nāgasena, kiṃ pana buddho tayā diṭṭho”ti.
“Na hi, mahārājā”ti.
“Kiṃ pana te ācariyehi buddho diṭṭho”ti?
“Na hi, mahārājā”ti.
“Bhante nāgasena, na kira tayā buddho diṭṭho, nāpi kira te ācariyehi buddho diṭṭho. Tena hi, bhante nāgasena, natthi buddho, na hettha buddho paññāyatī”ti.
“Atthi pana te, mahārāja, pubbakā khattiyā, ye te tava khattiyavaṃsassa pubbaṅgamā”ti?
“Āma, bhante. Ko saṃsayo, atthi pubbakā khattiyā, ye mama khattiyavaṃsassa pubbaṅgamā”ti.
“Diṭṭhapubbā tayā, mahārāja, pubbakā khattiyā”ti?
“Na hi, bhante”ti.
“Ye pana taṃ, mahārāja, anusāsanti purohitā senāpatino akkhadassā mahāmattā, tehi pubbakā khattiyā diṭṭhapubbā”ti?
“Na hi, bhante”ti.
“Yadi pana te, mahārāja, pubbakā khattiyā na diṭṭhā, nāpi kira te anusāsakehi pubbakā khattiyā diṭṭhā, tena hi natthi pubbakā khattiyā, na hettha pubbakā khattiyā paññāyantī”ti.
“Dissanti, bhante nāgasena, pubbakānaṃ khattiyānaṃ anubhūtāni paribhogabhaṇḍāni. Seyyathidaṃ— setacchattaṃ uṇhīsaṃ pādukā vālabījanī khaggaratanaṃ mahārahāni ca sayanāni. Yehi mayaṃ jāneyyāma saddaheyyāma ‘atthi pubbakā khattiyā’”ti.
“Evameva kho, mahārāja, mayampetaṃ bhagavantaṃ jāneyyāma saddaheyyāma. Atthi taṃ kāraṇaṃ, yena mayaṃ kāraṇena jāneyyāma saddaheyyāma ‘atthi so bhagavā’ti. Katamaṃ taṃ kāraṇaṃ? Atthi kho, mahārāja, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena anubhūtāni paribhogabhaṇḍāni. Seyyathidaṃ— cattāro satipaṭṭhānā cattāro sammappadhānā cattāro iddhipādā pañcindriyāni pañca balāni satta bojjhaṅgā ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, yehi sadevako loko jānāti saddahati ‘atthi so bhagavā’ti. Iminā, mahārāja, kāraṇena iminā hetunā iminā nayena iminā anumānena ñātabbo ‘atthi so bhagavā’ti.
‘Bahū jane tārayitvā,
nibbuto upadhikkhaye;
Anumānena ñātabbaṃ,
atthi so dvipaduttamo’”ti.
“Bhante nāgasena, opammaṃ karohī”ti.
“Yathā, mahārāja, nagaravaḍḍhakī nagaraṃ māpetukāmo paṭhamaṃ tāva samaṃ anunnatamanonataṃ asakkharapāsāṇaṃ nirupaddavamanavajjaṃ ramaṇīyaṃ bhūmibhāgaṃ anuviloketvā yaṃ tattha visamaṃ, taṃ samaṃ kārāpetvā khāṇukaṇṭakaṃ visodhāpetvā tattha nagaraṃ māpeyya sobhanaṃ vibhattaṃ bhāgaso mitaṃ ukkiṇṇaparikhāpākāraṃ daḷhagopuraṭṭālakoṭṭakaṃ puthucaccaracatukkasandhisiṅghāṭakaṃ sucisamatalarājamaggaṃ suvibhattaantarāpaṇaṃ ārāmuyyānataḷākapokkharaṇiudapānasampannaṃ bahuvidhadevaṭṭhānappaṭimaṇḍitaṃ sabbadosavirahitaṃ, so tasmiṃ nagare sabbathā vepullattaṃ patte aññaṃ desaṃ upagaccheyya, atha taṃ nagaraṃ aparena samayena iddhaṃ bhaveyya phītaṃ subhikkhaṃ khemaṃ samiddhaṃ sivaṃ anītikaṃ nirupaddavaṃ nānājanasamākulaṃ, puthū khattiyā brāhmaṇā vessā suddā hatthārohā assārohā rathikā pattikā dhanuggahā tharuggahā celakā calakā piṇḍadāyakā uggā rājaputtā pakkhandino mahānāgā sūrā vammino yodhino dāsikaputtā bhaṭiputtā mallakā gaṇakā āḷārikā sūdā kappakā nahāpakā cundā mālākārā suvaṇṇakārā sajjhukārā sīsakārā tipukārā lohakārā vaṭṭakārā ayokārā maṇikārā pesakārā kumbhakārā veṇukārā loṇakārā cammakārā rathakārā dantakārā rajjukārā kocchakārā suttakārā vilīvakārā dhanukārā jiyakārā usukārā cittakārā raṅgakārā rajakā tantavāyā tunnavāyā heraññikā dussikā gandhikā tiṇahārakā kaṭṭhahārakā bhatakā paṇṇikā phalikā mūlikā odanikā pūvikā macchikā maṃsikā majjikā naṭakā naccakā laṅghakā indajālikā vetālikā mallā chavaḍāhakā pupphachaḍḍakā venā nesādā gaṇikā lāsikā kumbhadāsiyo sakkayavanacīnavilātā ujjenakā bhārukacchakā kāsikosalā parantakā māgadhakā sāketakā soreyyakā pāveyyakā koṭumbaramāthurakā alasandakasmīragandhārā taṃ nagaraṃ vāsāya upagatā nānāvisayino janā navaṃ suvibhattaṃ adosamanavajjaṃ ramaṇīyaṃ taṃ nagaraṃ passitvā anumānena jānanti ‘cheko vata bho so nagaravaḍḍhakī, yo imassa nagarassa māpetā’ti. Evameva kho, mahārāja, so bhagavā asamo asamasamo appaṭisamo asadiso atulo asaṅkhyeyyo appameyyo aparimeyyo amitaguṇo guṇapāramippatto anantadhiti anantatejo anantavīriyo anantabalo buddhabalapāramiṃ gato sasenamāraṃ parājetvā diṭṭhijālaṃ padāletvā avijjaṃ khepetvā vijjaṃ uppādetvā dhammukkaṃ dhārayitvā sabbaññutaṃ pāpuṇitvā vijitasaṅgāmo dhammanagaraṃ māpesi.
Bhagavato kho, mahārāja, dhammanagaraṃ sīlapākāraṃ hiriparikhaṃ ñāṇadvārakoṭṭhakaṃ vīriyaaṭṭālakaṃ saddhāesikaṃ satidovārikaṃ paññāpāsādaṃ suttantacaccaraṃ abhidhammasiṅghāṭakaṃ vinayavinicchayaṃ satipaṭṭhānavīthikaṃ, tassa kho pana, mahārāja, satipaṭṭhānavīthiyaṃ evarūpā āpaṇā pasāritā honti. Seyyathidaṃ— pupphāpaṇaṃ gandhāpaṇaṃ phalāpaṇaṃ agadāpaṇaṃ osadhāpaṇaṃ amatāpaṇaṃ ratanāpaṇaṃ sabbāpaṇan”ti.
“Bhante nāgasena, katamaṃ buddhassa bhagavato pupphāpaṇan”ti?
“Atthi kho pana, mahārāja, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena ārammaṇavibhattiyo akkhātā. Seyyathidaṃ— aniccasaññā dukkhasaññā anattasaññā asubhasaññā ādīnavasaññā pahānasaññā virāgasaññā nirodhasaññā sabbaloke anabhiratisaññā sabbasaṅkhāresu aniccasaññā ānāpānassati uddhumātakasaññā vinīlakasaññā vipubbakasaññā vicchiddakasaññā vikkhāyitakasaññā vikkhittakasaññā hatavikkhittakasaññā lohitakasaññā puḷavakasaññā aṭṭhikasaññā mettāsaññā karuṇāsaññā muditāsaññā upekkhāsaññā maraṇānussati kāyagatāsati, ime kho, mahārāja, buddhena bhagavatā ārammaṇavibhattiyo akkhātā. Tattha yo koci jarāmaraṇā muccitukāmo, so tesu aññataraṃ ārammaṇaṃ gaṇhāti, tena ārammaṇena rāgā vimuccati, dosā vimuccati, mohā vimuccati, mānato vimuccati, diṭṭhito vimuccati, saṃsāraṃ tarati, taṇhāsotaṃ nivāreti, tividhaṃ malaṃ visodheti, sabbakilese upahantvā amalaṃ virajaṃ suddhaṃ paṇḍaraṃ ajātiṃ ajaraṃ amaraṃ sukhaṃ sītibhūtaṃ abhayaṃ nagaruttamaṃ nibbānanagaraṃ pavisitvā arahatte cittaṃ vimoceti, idaṃ vuccati, mahārāja, ‘bhagavato pupphāpaṇan’ti.
‘Kammamūlaṃ gahetvāna,
āpaṇaṃ upagacchatha;
Ārammaṇaṃ kiṇitvāna,
tato muccatha muttiyā’”ti.
“Bhante nāgasena, katamaṃ buddhassa bhagavato gandhāpaṇan”ti?
“Atthi kho pana, mahārāja, tena bhagavatā sīlavibhattiyo akkhātā, yena sīlagandhena anulittā bhagavato puttā sadevakaṃ lokaṃ sīlagandhena dhūpenti sampadhūpenti, disampi anudisampi anuvātampi paṭivātampi vāyanti ativāyanti, pharitvā tiṭṭhanti. Katamā tā sīlavibhattiyo? Saraṇasīlaṃ pañcaṅgasīlaṃ aṭṭhaṅgasīlaṃ dasaṅgasīlaṃ pañcuddesapariyāpannaṃ pātimokkhasaṃvarasīlaṃ. Idaṃ vuccati, mahārāja, ‘bhagavato gandhāpaṇan’ti. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā devātidevena—
‘Na pupphagandho paṭivātameti,
Na candanaṃ taggaramallikā vā;
Satañca gandho paṭivātameti,
Sabbā disā sappuriso pavāyati.
Candanaṃ tagaraṃ vāpi,
uppalaṃ atha vassikī;
Etesaṃ gandhajātānaṃ,
sīlagandho anuttaro.
Appamatto ayaṃ gandho,
yvāyaṃ tagaracandanaṃ;
Yo ca sīlavataṃ gandho,
vāti devesu uttamo’”ti.
“Bhante nāgasena, katamaṃ buddhassa bhagavato phalāpaṇan”ti?
“Phalāni kho, mahārāja, bhagavatā akkhātāni. Seyyathidaṃ— sotāpattiphalaṃ sakadāgāmiphalaṃ anāgāmiphalaṃ arahattaphalaṃ suññataphalasamāpatti animittaphalasamāpatti appaṇihitaphalasamāpatti. Tattha yo koci yaṃ phalaṃ icchati, so kammamūlaṃ datvā patthitaṃ phalaṃ kiṇāti. Yadi sotāpattiphalaṃ, yadi sakadāgāmiphalaṃ, yadi anāgāmiphalaṃ, yadi arahattaphalaṃ, yadi suññataphalasamāpattiṃ, yadi animittaphalasamāpattiṃ, yadi appaṇihitaphalasamāpattiṃ. Yathā, mahārāja, kassaci purisassa dhuvaphalo ambo bhaveyya, so na tāva tato phalāni pāteti, yāva kayikā na āgacchanti, anuppatte pana kayike mūlaṃ gahetvā evaṃ ācikkhati ‘ambho purisa, eso kho dhuvaphalo ambo, tato yaṃ icchasi, ettakaṃ phalaṃ gaṇhāhi salāṭukaṃ vā dovilaṃ vā kesikaṃ vā āmaṃ vā pakkaṃ vā’ti, so tena attanā dinnamūlena yadi salāṭukaṃ icchati, salāṭukaṃ gaṇhāti, yadi dovilaṃ icchati, dovilaṃ gaṇhāti, yadi kesikaṃ icchati, kesikaṃ gaṇhāti, yadi āmakaṃ icchati, āmakaṃ gaṇhāti, yadi pakkaṃ icchati, pakkaṃ gaṇhāti. Evameva kho, mahārāja, yo yaṃ phalaṃ icchati, so kammamūlaṃ datvā patthitaṃ phalaṃ gaṇhāti, yadi sotāpattiphalaṃ…pe… yadi appaṇihitaphalasamāpattiṃ, idaṃ vuccati, mahārāja, ‘bhagavato phalāpaṇan’ti.
‘Kammamūlaṃ janā datvā,
gaṇhanti amatapphalaṃ;
Tena te sukhitā honti,
ye kītā amatapphalan’”ti.
“Bhante nāgasena, katamaṃ buddhassa bhagavato agadāpaṇan”ti?
“Agadāni kho, mahārāja, bhagavatā akkhātāni, yehi agadehi so bhagavā sadevakaṃ lokaṃ kilesavisato parimoceti. Katamāni pana tāni agadāni? Yānimāni, mahārāja, bhagavatā cattāri ariyasaccāni akkhātāni. Seyyathidaṃ— dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ dukkhasamudayaṃ ariyasaccaṃ dukkhanirodhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā ariyasaccaṃ, tattha ye keci aññāpekkhā catusaccaṃ dhammaṃ suṇanti, te jātiyā parimuccanti, jarāya parimuccanti, maraṇā parimuccanti, sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsehi parimuccanti, idaṃ vuccati, mahārāja, ‘bhagavato agadāpaṇan’ti.
‘Ye keci agadā loke,
visānaṃ paṭibāhakā;
Dhammāgadasamaṃ natthi,
etaṃ pivatha bhikkhavo’”ti.
“Bhante nāgasena, katamaṃ buddhassa bhagavato osadhāpaṇan”ti?
“Osadhāni kho, mahārāja, bhagavatā akkhātāni, yehi osadhehi so bhagavā devamanusse tikicchati. Seyyathidaṃ— cattāro satipaṭṭhānā cattāro sammappadhānā cattāro iddhipādā pañcindriyāni pañca balāni satta bojjhaṅgā ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, etehi osadhehi bhagavā micchādiṭṭhiṃ vireceti, micchāsaṅkappaṃ vireceti, micchāvācaṃ vireceti, micchākammantaṃ vireceti, micchāājīvaṃ vireceti, micchāvāyāmaṃ vireceti, micchāsatiṃ vireceti, micchāsamādhiṃ vireceti, lobhavamanaṃ kāreti, dosavamanaṃ kāreti, mohavamanaṃ kāreti, mānavamanaṃ kāreti, diṭṭhivamanaṃ kāreti, vicikicchāvamanaṃ kāreti, uddhaccavamanaṃ kāreti, thinamiddhavamanaṃ kāreti, ahirikānottappavamanaṃ kāreti, sabbakilesavamanaṃ kāreti, idaṃ vuccati, mahārāja, ‘bhagavato osadhāpaṇan’ti.
‘Ye keci osadhā loke,
vijjanti vividhā bahū;
Dhammosadhasamaṃ natthi,
etaṃ pivatha bhikkhavo.
Dhammosadhaṃ pivitvāna,
ajarāmaraṇā siyuṃ;
Bhāvayitvā ca passitvā,
nibbutā upadhikkhaye’”ti.
“Bhante nāgasena, katamaṃ buddhassa bhagavato amatāpaṇan”ti?
“Amataṃ kho, mahārāja, bhagavatā akkhātaṃ, yena amatena so bhagavā sadevakaṃ lokaṃ abhisiñci, yena amatena abhisittā devamanussā jātijarābyādhimaraṇasokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsehi parimucciṃsu. Katamaṃ taṃ amataṃ? Yadidaṃ kāyagatāsati. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā devātidevena ‘amataṃ te, bhikkhave, paribhuñjanti, ye kāyagatāsatiṃ paribhuñjantī’ti. Idaṃ vuccati, mahārāja, ‘bhagavato amatāpaṇan’ti.
‘Byādhitaṃ janataṃ disvā,
Amatāpaṇaṃ pasārayi;
Kammena taṃ kiṇitvāna,
Amataṃ ādetha bhikkhavo’”ti.
“Bhante nāgasena, katamaṃ buddhassa bhagavato ratanāpaṇan”ti?
“Ratanāni kho, mahārāja, bhagavatā akkhātāni, yehi ratanehi vibhūsitā bhagavato puttā sadevakaṃ lokaṃ virocanti obhāsenti pabhāsenti jalanti pajjalanti uddhaṃ adho tiriyaṃ ālokaṃ dassenti. Katamāni tāni ratanāni? Sīlaratanaṃ samādhiratanaṃ paññāratanaṃ vimuttiratanaṃ vimuttiñāṇadassanaratanaṃ paṭisambhidāratanaṃ bojjhaṅgaratanaṃ.
Katamaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavato sīlaratanaṃ? Pātimokkhasaṃvarasīlaṃ indriyasaṃvarasīlaṃ ājīvapārisuddhisīlaṃ paccayasannissitasīlaṃ cūḷasīlaṃ majjhimasīlaṃ mahāsīlaṃ maggasīlaṃ phalasīlaṃ. Sīlaratanena kho, mahārāja, vibhūsitassa puggalassa sadevako loko samārako sabrahmako sassamaṇabrāhmaṇī pajā pihayati pattheti, sīlaratanapiḷandho kho, mahārāja, bhikkhu disampi anudisampi uddhampi adhopi tiriyampi virocati ativirocati, heṭṭhato avīciṃ uparito bhavaggaṃ upādāya etthantare sabbaratanāni atikkamitvā abhibhavitvā ajjhottharitvā tiṭṭhati, evarūpāni kho, mahārāja, sīlaratanāni bhagavato ratanāpaṇe pasāritāni, idaṃ vuccati, mahārāja, ‘bhagavato sīlaratanan’ti.
‘Evarūpāni sīlāni,
santi buddhassa āpaṇe;
Kammena taṃ kiṇitvāna,
ratanaṃ vo piḷandhathā’ti.
Katamaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavato samādhiratanaṃ? Savitakkasavicāro samādhi, avitakkavicāramatto samādhi, avitakkaavicāro samādhi, suññato samādhi, animitto samādhi, appaṇihito samādhi. Samādhiratanaṃ kho, mahārāja, piḷandhassa bhikkhuno ye te kāmavitakkabyāpādavitakkavihiṃsāvitakkamānuddhaccadiṭṭhivicikicchākilesavatthūni vividhāni ca kuvitakkāni, te sabbe samādhiṃ āsajja vikiranti vidhamanti viddhaṃsanti na saṇṭhanti na upalimpanti. Yathā, mahārāja, vāri pokkharapatte vikirati vidhamati viddhaṃsati na saṇṭhāti na upalimpati. Taṃ kissa hetu? Parisuddhattā padumassa. Evameva kho, mahārāja, samādhiratanaṃ piḷandhassa bhikkhuno ye te kāmavitakkabyāpādavitakkavihiṃsāvitakkamānuddhaccadiṭṭhivicikicchākilesavatthūni vividhāni ca kuvitakkāni, te sabbe samādhiṃ āsajja vikiranti vidhamanti viddhaṃsanti na saṇṭhanti na upalimpanti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Parisuddhattā samādhissa. Idaṃ vuccati, mahārāja, ‘bhagavato samādhiratanan’ti, evarūpāni kho, mahārāja, samādhiratanāni bhagavato ratanāpaṇe pasāritāni.
‘Samādhiratanamālassa,
kuvitakkā na jāyare;
Na ca vikkhipate cittaṃ,
etaṃ tumhe piḷandhathā’ti.
Katamaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavato paññāratanaṃ? Yāya, mahārāja, paññāya ariyasāvako ‘idaṃ kusalan’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘idaṃ akusalan’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘idaṃ sāvajjaṃ, idaṃ anavajjaṃ, idaṃ sevitabbaṃ, idaṃ na sevitabbaṃ, idaṃ hīnaṃ, idaṃ paṇītaṃ, idaṃ kaṇhaṃ, idaṃ sukkaṃ, idaṃ kaṇhasukkasappaṭibhāgan’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘idaṃ dukkhan’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodho’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Idaṃ vuccati, mahārāja, ‘bhagavato paññāratanan’ti.
‘Paññāratanamālassa,
na ciraṃ vattate bhavo;
Khippaṃ phasseti amataṃ,
na ca so rocate bhave’ti.
Katamaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavato vimuttiratanaṃ? Vimuttiratanaṃ kho, mahārāja, arahattaṃ vuccati, arahattaṃ patto kho, mahārāja, bhikkhu ‘vimuttiratanaṃ piḷandho’ti vuccati. Yathā, mahārāja, puriso muttākalāpamaṇikalāpapavāḷakalāpābharaṇappaṭimaṇḍito agalutagaratālīsakalohitacandanānulittagatto nāgapunnāgasālasalaḷacampakayūthikātimuttakapāṭaluppalavassikamallikāvicitto sesajane atikkamitvā virocati ativirocati obhāsati pabhāsati sampabhāsati jalati pajjalati abhibhavati ajjhottharati mālāgandharatanābharaṇehi; evameva kho, mahārāja, arahattaṃ patto khīṇāsavo vimuttiratanapiḷandho upādāyupādāya vimuttānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ atikkamitvā samatikkamitvā virocati ativirocati obhāsati pabhāsati sampabhāsati jalati pajjalati abhibhavati ajjhottharati vimuttiyā. Taṃ kissa hetu? Aggaṃ, mahārāja, etaṃ piḷandhanaṃ sabbapiḷandhanānaṃ, yadidaṃ vimuttipiḷandhanaṃ. Idaṃ vuccati, mahārāja, ‘bhagavato vimuttiratanan’ti.
‘Maṇimālādharaṃ geha,
jano sāmiṃ udikkhati;
Vimuttiratanamālantu,
udikkhanti sadevakā’ti.
Katamaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavato vimuttiñāṇadassanaratanaṃ? Paccavekkhaṇañāṇaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavato vimuttiñāṇadassanaratananti vuccati, yena ñāṇena ariyasāvako maggaphalanibbānāni pahīnakilesāvasiṭṭhakilese ca paccavekkhati.
‘Yena ñāṇena bujjhanti,
ariyā katakiccataṃ;
Taṃ ñāṇaratanaṃ laddhuṃ,
vāyametha jinorasā’ti.
Katamaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavato paṭisambhidāratanaṃ? Catasso kho, mahārāja, paṭisambhidāyo atthapaṭisambhidā dhammapaṭisambhidā niruttipaṭisambhidā paṭibhānapaṭisambhidāti. Imehi kho, mahārāja, catūhi paṭisambhidāratanehi samalaṅkato bhikkhu yaṃ yaṃ parisaṃ upasaṅkamati, yadi khattiyaparisaṃ, yadi brāhmaṇaparisaṃ, yadi gahapatiparisaṃ, yadi samaṇaparisaṃ, visārado upasaṅkamati amaṅkubhūto abhīru acchambhī anutrāsī vigatalomahaṃso parisaṃ upasaṅkamati.
Yathā, mahārāja, yodho saṅgāmasūro sannaddhapañcāvudho acchambhito saṅgāmaṃ otarati, ‘sace amittā dūre bhavissanti usunā pātayissāmi, tato orato bhavissanti sattiyā paharissāmi, tato orato bhavissanti kaṇayena paharissāmi, upagataṃ santaṃ maṇḍalaggena dvidhā chindissāmi, kāyūpagataṃ churikāya vinivijjhissāmī’ti; evameva kho, mahārāja, catupaṭisambhidāratanamaṇḍito bhikkhu acchambhito parisaṃ upasaṅkamati.
‘Yo koci maṃ atthapaṭisambhide pañhaṃ pucchissati, tassa atthena atthaṃ kathayissāmi, kāraṇena kāraṇaṃ kathayissāmi, hetunā hetuṃ kathayissāmi, nayena nayaṃ kathayissāmi, nissaṃsayaṃ karissāmi, vimatiṃ vivecessāmi, tosayissāmi pañhaveyyākaraṇena.
Yo koci maṃ dhammapaṭisambhide pañhaṃ pucchissati, tassa dhammena dhammaṃ kathayissāmi, amatena amataṃ kathayissāmi, asaṅkhatena asaṅkhataṃ kathayissāmi, nibbānena nibbānaṃ kathayissāmi, suññatena suññataṃ kathayissāmi, animittena animittaṃ kathayissāmi, appaṇihitena appaṇihitaṃ kathayissāmi, anejena anejaṃ kathayissāmi, nissaṃsayaṃ karissāmi, vimatiṃ vivecessāmi, tosayissāmi pañhaveyyākaraṇena.
Yo koci maṃ niruttipaṭisambhide pañhaṃ pucchissati, tassa niruttiyā niruttiṃ kathayissāmi, padena padaṃ kathayissāmi, anupadena anupadaṃ kathayissāmi, akkharena akkharaṃ kathayissāmi, sandhiyā sandhiṃ kathayissāmi, byañjanena byañjanaṃ kathayissāmi, anubyañjanena anubyañjanaṃ kathayissāmi, vaṇṇena vaṇṇaṃ kathayissāmi, sarena saraṃ kathayissāmi, paññattiyā paññattiṃ kathayissāmi, vohārena vohāraṃ kathayissāmi, nissaṃsayaṃ karissāmi, vimatiṃ vivecessāmi, tosayissāmi pañhaveyyākaraṇena.
Yo koci maṃ paṭibhānapaṭisambhide pañhaṃ pucchissati, tassa paṭibhānena paṭibhānaṃ kathayissāmi, opammena opammaṃ kathayissāmi, lakkhaṇena lakkhaṇaṃ kathayissāmi, rasena rasaṃ kathayissāmi, nissaṃsayaṃ karissāmi, vimatiṃ vivecessāmi, tosayissāmi pañhaveyyākaraṇenā’ti. Idaṃ vuccati, mahārāja, ‘bhagavato paṭisambhidāratanan’ti.
‘Paṭisambhidā kiṇitvāna,
Ñāṇena phassayeyya yo;
Acchambhito anubbiggo,
Atirocati sadevake’ti.
Katamaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavato bojjhaṅgaratanaṃ? Sattime, mahārāja, bojjhaṅgā, satisambojjhaṅgo dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgo vīriyasambojjhaṅgo pītisambojjhaṅgo passaddhisambojjhaṅgo samādhisambojjhaṅgo upekkhāsambojjhaṅgo. Imehi kho, mahārāja, sattahi bojjhaṅgaratanehi paṭimaṇḍito bhikkhu sabbaṃ tamaṃ abhibhuyya sadevakaṃ lokaṃ obhāseti pabhāseti ālokaṃ janeti. Idaṃ vuccati, mahārāja, ‘bhagavato bojjhaṅgaratanan’ti.
‘Bojjhaṅgaratanamālassa,
uṭṭhahanti sadevakā;
Kammena taṃ kiṇitvāna,
ratanaṃ vo piḷandhathā’”ti.
“Bhante nāgasena, katamaṃ buddhassa bhagavato sabbāpaṇan”ti?
“Sabbāpaṇaṃ kho, mahārāja, bhagavato navaṅgaṃ buddhavacanaṃ sārīrikāni pāribhogikāni cetiyāni saṃgharatanañca. Sabbāpaṇe, mahārāja, bhagavatā jātisampatti pasāritā, bhogasampatti pasāritā, āyusampatti pasāritā, ārogyasampatti pasāritā, vaṇṇasampatti pasāritā, paññāsampatti pasāritā, mānusikasampatti pasāritā, dibbasampatti pasāritā, nibbānasampatti pasāritā. Tattha ye taṃ taṃ sampattiṃ icchanti, te kammamūlaṃ datvā patthitapatthitaṃ sampattiṃ kiṇanti, keci sīlasamādānena kiṇanti, keci uposathakammena kiṇanti, appamattakenapi kammamūlena upādāyupādāya sampattiyo paṭilabhanti. Yathā, mahārāja, āpaṇikassa āpaṇe tilamuggamāse parittakenapi taṇḍulamuggamāsena appakenapi mūlena upādāyupādāya gaṇhanti; evameva kho, mahārāja, bhagavato sabbāpaṇe appamattakenapi kammamūlena upādāyupādāya sampattiyo paṭilabhanti. Idaṃ vuccati, mahārāja, ‘bhagavato sabbāpaṇan’ti.
‘Āyu arogatā vaṇṇaṃ,
saggaṃ uccākulīnatā;
Asaṅkhatañca amataṃ,
atthi sabbāpaṇe jine.
Appena bahukenāpi,
kammamūlena gayhati;
Kiṇitvā saddhāmūlena,
samiddhā hotha bhikkhavo’ti.
Bhagavato kho, mahārāja, dhammanagare evarūpā janā paṭivasanti, suttantikā venayikā ābhidhammikā dhammakathikā jātakabhāṇakā dīghabhāṇakā majjhimabhāṇakā saṃyuttabhāṇakā aṅguttarabhāṇakā khuddakabhāṇakā sīlasampannā samādhisampannā paññāsampannā bojjhaṅgabhāvanāratā vipassakā sadatthamanuyuttā āraññikā rukkhamūlikā abbhokāsikā palālapuñjikā sosānikā nesajjikā paṭipannakā phalaṭṭhā sekkhā phalasamaṅgino sotāpannā sakadāgāmino anāgāmino arahanto tevijjā chaḷabhiññā iddhimanto paññāya pāramiṅgatā satipaṭṭhānasammappadhānaiddhipādaindriyabalabojjhaṅgamaggavarajhānavimokkharūpārūpasantasukhasamāpattikusalā, tehi arahantehi ākulaṃ samākulaṃ ākiṇṇaṃ samākiṇṇaṃ naḷavanasaravanamiva dhammanagaraṃ ahosi. Bhavatīha—
‘Vītarāgā vītadosā,
vītamohā anāsavā;
Vītataṇhā anādānā,
dhammanagare vasanti te.
Āraññikā dhutadharā,
jhāyino lūkhacīvarā;
Vivekābhiratā dhīrā,
dhammanagare vasanti te.
Nesajjikā santhatikā,
athopi ṭhānacaṅkamā;
Paṃsukūladharā sabbe,
dhammanagare vasanti te.
Ticīvaradharā santā,
cammakhaṇḍacatutthakā;
Ratā ekāsane viññū,
dhammanagare vasanti te.
Appicchā nipakā dhīrā,
appāhārā alolupā;
Lābhālābhena santuṭṭhā,
dhammanagare vasanti te.
Jhāyī jhānaratā dhīrā,
santacittā samāhitā;
Ākiñcaññaṃ patthayānā,
dhammanagare vasanti te.
Paṭipannā phalaṭṭhā ca,
sekkhā phalasamaṅgino;
Āsīsakā uttamatthaṃ,
dhammanagare vasanti te.
Sotāpannā ca vimalā,
sakadāgāmino ca ye;
Anāgāmī ca arahanto,
dhammanagare vasanti te.
Satipaṭṭhānakusalā,
bojjhaṅgabhāvanāratā;
Vipassakā dhammadharā,
dhammanagare vasanti te.
Iddhipādesu kusalā,
samādhibhāvanāratā;
Sammappadhānānuyuttā,
dhammanagare vasanti te.
Abhiññāpāramippattā,
pettike gocare ratā;
Antalikkhamhi caraṇā,
dhammanagare vasanti te.
Okkhittacakkhū mitabhāṇī,
guttadvārā susaṃvutā;
Sudantā uttame damme,
dhammanagare vasanti te.
Tevijjā chaḷabhiññā ca,
Iddhiyā pāramiṃ gatā;
Paññāya pāramippattā,
Dhammanagare vasanti te’ti.
Ye kho te, mahārāja, bhikkhū aparimitañāṇavaradharā asaṅgā atulaguṇā atulayasā atulabalā atulatejā dhammacakkānuppavattakā paññāpāramiṃ gatā, evarūpā kho, mahārāja, bhikkhū bhagavato dhammanagare **‘dhammasenāpatino’**ti vuccanti.
Ye pana te, mahārāja, bhikkhū iddhimanto adhigatappaṭisambhidāpattavesārajjā gaganacarā durāsadā duppasahā anālambacarā sasāgaramahidharapathavikampakā candasūriyaparimajjakā vikubbanādhiṭṭhānābhinīhārakusalā iddhiyā pāramiṃ gatā, evarūpā kho, mahārāja, bhikkhū bhagavato dhammanagare **‘purohitā’**ti vuccanti.
Ye pana te, mahārāja, bhikkhū dhutaṅgamanugatā appicchā santuṭṭhā viññattimanesanajigucchakā piṇḍāya sapadānacārino bhamarāva gandhamanughāyitvā pavisanti vivittakānanaṃ, kāye ca jīvite ca nirapekkhā arahattamanuppattā dhutaṅgaguṇe agganikkhittā, evarūpā kho, mahārāja, bhikkhū bhagavato dhammanagare **‘akkhadassā’**ti vuccanti.
Ye pana te, mahārāja, bhikkhū parisuddhā vimalā nikkilesā cutūpapātakusalā dibbacakkhumhi pāramiṃ gatā, evarūpā kho, mahārāja, bhikkhū bhagavato dhammanagare **‘nagarajotakā’**ti vuccanti.
Ye pana te, mahārāja, bhikkhū bahussutā āgatāgamā dhammadharā vinayadharā mātikādharā sithiladhanitadīgharassagarukalahukakkharaparicchedakusalā navaṅgasāsanadharā, evarūpā kho, mahārāja, bhikkhū bhagavato dhammanagare **‘dhammarakkhā’**ti vuccanti.
Ye pana te, mahārāja, bhikkhū vinayaññū vinayakovidā ṭhānāṭṭhānakusalā āpattānāpattigarukalahukasatekicchaatekicchavuṭṭhānadesanāniggahapaṭikammaosāraṇanissāraṇapaṭisāraṇakusalā vinaye pāramiṃ gatā, evarūpā kho, mahārāja, bhikkhū bhagavato dhammanagare **‘rūparakkhā’**ti vuccanti.
Ye pana te, mahārāja, bhikkhū vimuttivarakusumamālabaddhā varapavaramahagghaseṭṭhabhāvamanuppattā bahujanakantamabhipatthitā, evarūpā kho, mahārāja, bhikkhū bhagavato dhammanagare **‘pupphāpaṇikā’**ti vuccanti.
Ye pana te, mahārāja, bhikkhū catusaccābhisamayappaṭividdhā diṭṭhasaccā viññātasāsanā catūsu sāmaññaphalesu tiṇṇavicikicchā paṭiladdhaphalasukhā aññesampi paṭipannānaṃ te phale saṃvibhajanti, evarūpā kho, mahārāja, bhikkhū bhagavato dhammanagare **‘phalāpaṇikā’**ti vuccanti.
Ye pana te, mahārāja, bhikkhū sīlasaṃvaragandhamanulittā anekavidhabahuguṇadharā kilesamaladuggandhavidhamakā, evarūpā kho, mahārāja, bhikkhū bhagavato dhammanagare **‘gandhāpaṇikā’**ti vuccanti.
Ye pana te, mahārāja, bhikkhū dhammakāmā piyasamudāhārā abhidhamme abhivinaye uḷārapāmojjā araññagatāpi rukkhamūlagatāpi suññāgāragatāpi dhammavararasaṃ pivanti, kāyena vācāya manasā dhammavararasamogāḷhā adhimattapaṭibhānā dhammesu dhammesanappaṭipannā ito vā tato vā yattha yattha appicchakathā santuṭṭhikathā pavivekakathā asaṃsaggakathā vīriyārambhakathā sīlakathā samādhikathā paññākathā vimuttikathā vimuttiñāṇadassanakathā, tattha tattha gantvā taṃ taṃ kathārasaṃ pivanti, evarūpā kho, mahārāja, bhikkhū bhagavato dhammanagare **‘soṇḍā pipāsā’**ti vuccanti.
Ye pana te, mahārāja, bhikkhū pubbarattāpararattaṃ jāgariyānuyogamanuyuttā nisajjaṭṭhānacaṅkamehi rattindivaṃ vītināmenti, bhāvanānuyogamanuyuttā kilesapaṭibāhanāya sadatthappasutā, evarūpā kho, mahārāja, bhikkhū bhagavato dhammanagare **‘nagaraguttikā’**ti vuccanti.
Ye pana te, mahārāja, bhikkhū navaṅgaṃ buddhavacanaṃ atthato ca byañjanato ca nayato ca kāraṇato ca hetuto ca udāharaṇato ca vācenti anuvācenti bhāsanti anubhāsanti, evarūpā kho, mahārāja, bhikkhū bhagavato dhammanagare **‘dhammāpaṇikā’**ti vuccanti.
Ye pana te, mahārāja, bhikkhū dhammaratanabhogena āgamapariyattisutabhogena bhogino dhanino niddiṭṭhasarabyañjanalakkhaṇappaṭivedhā viññū pharaṇā, evarūpā kho, mahārāja, bhikkhū bhagavato dhammanagare **‘dhammaseṭṭhino’**ti vuccanti.
Ye pana te, mahārāja, bhikkhū uḷāradesanāpaṭivedhā pariciṇṇārammaṇavibhattiniddesā sikkhāguṇapāramippattā, evarūpā kho, mahārāja, bhikkhū bhagavato dhammanagare **‘vissutadhammikā’**ti vuccanti.
Evaṃ suvibhattaṃ kho, mahārāja, bhagavato dhammanagaraṃ evaṃ sumāpitaṃ evaṃ suvihitaṃ evaṃ suparipūritaṃ evaṃ suvavatthāpitaṃ evaṃ surakkhitaṃ evaṃ sugopitaṃ evaṃ duppasayhaṃ paccatthikehi paccāmittehi, iminā, mahārāja, kāraṇena iminā hetunā iminā nayena iminā anumānena ñātabbaṃ atthi so bhagavāti.
‘Yathāpi nagaraṃ disvā,
suvibhattaṃ manoramaṃ;
Anumānena jānanti,
vaḍḍhakissa mahattanaṃ.
Tatheva lokanāthassa,
disvā dhammapuraṃ varaṃ;
Anumānena jānanti,
atthi so bhagavā iti.
Anumānena jānanti,
ūmiṃ disvāna sāgare;
Yathāyaṃ dissate ūmi,
mahanto so bhavissati.
Tathā buddhaṃ sokanudaṃ,
sabbatthamaparājitaṃ;
Taṇhakkhayamanuppattaṃ,
bhavasaṃsāramocanaṃ.
Anumānena ñātabbaṃ,
ūmiṃ disvā sadevake;
Yathā dhammūmivipphāro,
aggo buddho bhavissati.
Anumānena jānanti,
disvā accuggataṃ giriṃ;
Yathā accuggato eso,
himavā so bhavissati.
Tathā disvā dhammagiriṃ,
sītībhūtaṃ nirūpadhiṃ;
Accuggataṃ bhagavato,
acalaṃ suppatiṭṭhitaṃ.
Anumānena ñātabbaṃ,
disvāna dhammapabbataṃ;
Tathā hi so mahāvīro,
aggo buddho bhavissati.
Yathāpi gajarājassa,
padaṃ disvāna mānusā;
Anumānena jānanti,
mahā eso gajo iti.
Tatheva buddhanāgassa,
padaṃ disvā vibhāvino;
Anumānena jānanti,
uḷāro so bhavissati.
Anumānena jānanti,
bhīte disvāna kummige;
Migarājassa saddena,
bhītāme kummigā iti.
Tatheva titthiye disvā,
vitthate bhītamānase;
Anumānena ñātabbaṃ,
dhammarājena gajjitaṃ.
Nibbutaṃ pathaviṃ disvā,
haritapattaṃ mahodikaṃ;
Anumānena jānanti,
mahāmeghena nibbutaṃ.
Tathevimaṃ janaṃ disvā,
āmoditapamoditaṃ;
Anumānena ñātabbaṃ,
dhammameghena tappitaṃ.
Laggaṃ disvā bhusaṃ paṅkaṃ,
kalaladdagataṃ mahiṃ;
Anumānena jānanti,
vārikkhandho mahā gato.
Tathevimaṃ janaṃ disvā,
rajapaṅkasamohitaṃ;
Vahitaṃ dhammanadiyā,
visaṭṭhaṃ dhammasāgare.
Dhammāmatagataṃ disvā,
sadevakamimaṃ mahiṃ;
Anumānena ñātabbaṃ,
dhammakkhandho mahā gato.
Anumānena jānanti,
ghāyitvā gandhamuttamaṃ;
Yathāyaṃ vāyate gandho,
hessanti pupphitā dumā.
Tathevāyaṃ sīlagandho,
pavāyati sadevake;
Anumānena ñātabbaṃ,
atthi buddho anuttaro’ti.
Evarūpena kho, mahārāja, kāraṇasatena kāraṇasahassena hetusatena hetusahassena nayasatena nayasahassena opammasatena opammasahassena sakkā buddhabalaṃ upadassayituṃ. Yathā, mahārāja, dakkho mālākāro nānāpuppharāsimhā ācariyānusiṭṭhiyā paccattapurisakārena vicittaṃ mālāguṇarāsiṃ kareyya; evameva kho, mahārāja, so bhagavā vicittapuppharāsi viya anantaguṇo appameyyaguṇo, ahametarahi jinasāsane mālākāro viya pupphaganthako pubbakānaṃ ācariyānaṃ maggenapi mayhaṃ buddhibalenapi asaṅkhyeyyenapi kāraṇena anumānena buddhabalaṃ dīpayissāmi, tvaṃ panettha chandaṃ janehi savanāyā”ti.
“Dukkaraṃ, bhante nāgasena, aññesaṃ evarūpena kāraṇena anumānena buddhabalaṃ upadassayituṃ, nibbutosmi, bhante nāgasena, tumhākaṃ paramavicittena pañhaveyyākaraṇenā”ti.
Anumānapañho paṭhamo.