4.1.1 Dukkhasacca

Tattha katamaṃ dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ? Jātipi dukkhā, jarāpi dukkhā, maraṇampi dukkhaṃ, sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsāpi dukkhā, appiyehi sampayogo dukkho, piyehi vippayogo dukkho, yampicchaṃ na labhati tampi dukkhaṃ, saṃkhittena pañcupādānakkhandhā dukkhā.

Tattha katamā jāti? Yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhi tamhi sattanikāye jāti sañjāti okkanti abhinibbatti khandhānaṃ pātubhāvo āyatanānaṃ paṭilābho—  ayaṃ vuccati “jāti”.

Tattha katamā jarā? Yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhi tamhi sattanikāye jarā jīraṇatā khaṇḍiccaṃ pāliccaṃ valittacatā āyuno saṃhāni indriyānaṃ paripāko—  ayaṃ vuccati “jarā”.

Tattha katamaṃ maraṇaṃ? Yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhā tamhā sattanikāyā cuti cavanatā bhedo antaradhānaṃ maccu maraṇaṃ kālakiriyā khandhānaṃ bhedo kaḷevarassa nikkhepo jīvitindriyassupacchedo—  idaṃ vuccati “maraṇaṃ”.

Tattha katamo soko? Ñātibyasanena vā phuṭṭhassa bhogabyasanena vā phuṭṭhassa rogabyasanena vā phuṭṭhassa sīlabyasanena vā phuṭṭhassa diṭṭhibyasanena vā phuṭṭhassa aññataraññatarena byasanena samannāgatassa aññataraññatarena dukkhadhammena phuṭṭhassa soko socanā socitattaṃ antosoko antoparisoko cetaso parijjhāyanā domanassaṃ sokasallaṃ—  ayaṃ vuccati “soko”.

Tattha katamo paridevo? Ñātibyasanena vā phuṭṭhassa bhogabyasanena vā phuṭṭhassa rogabyasanena vā phuṭṭhassa sīlabyasanena vā phuṭṭhassa diṭṭhibyasanena vā phuṭṭhassa aññataraññatarena byasanena samannāgatassa aññataraññatarena dukkhadhammena phuṭṭhassa ādevo paridevo ādevanā paridevanā ādevitattaṃ paridevitattaṃ vācā palāpo vippalāpo lālappo lālappanā lālappitattaṃ—  ayaṃ vuccati “paridevo”.

Tattha katamaṃ dukkhaṃ? Yaṃ kāyikaṃ asātaṃ kāyikaṃ dukkhaṃ kāyasamphassajaṃ asātaṃ dukkhaṃ vedayitaṃ kāyasamphassajā asātā dukkhā vedanā—  idaṃ vuccati “dukkhaṃ”.

Tattha katamaṃ domanassaṃ? Yaṃ cetasikaṃ asātaṃ cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ cetosamphassajaṃ asātaṃ dukkhaṃ vedayitaṃ cetosamphassajā asātā dukkhā vedanā—  idaṃ vuccati “domanassaṃ”.

Tattha katamo upāyāso? Ñātibyasanena vā phuṭṭhassa bhogabyasanena vā phuṭṭhassa rogabyasanena vā phuṭṭhassa sīlabyasanena vā phuṭṭhassa diṭṭhibyasanena vā phuṭṭhassa aññataraññatarena byasanena samannāgatassa aññataraññatarena dukkhadhammena phuṭṭhassa āyāso upāyāso āyāsitattaṃ upāyāsitattaṃ—  ayaṃ vuccati “upāyāso”.

Tattha katamo appiyehi sampayogo dukkho? Idha yassa te honti aniṭṭhā akantā amanāpā rūpā saddā gandhā rasā phoṭṭhabbā, ye vā panassa te honti anatthakāmā ahitakāmā aphāsukakāmā ayogakkhemakāmā; yā tehi saṅgati samāgamo samodhānaṃ missībhāvo—  ayaṃ vuccati “appiyehi sampayogo dukkho”.

Tattha katamo piyehi vippayogo dukkho? Idha yassa te honti iṭṭhā kantā manāpā rūpā saddā gandhā rasā phoṭṭhabbā, ye vā panassa te honti atthakāmā hitakāmā phāsukakāmā yogakkhemakāmā mātā vā pitā vā bhātā vā bhaginī vā mittā vā amaccā vā ñātī vā sālohitā vā; yā tehi asaṅgati asamāgamo asamodhānaṃ amissībhāvo—  ayaṃ vuccati “piyehi vippayogo dukkho”.

Tattha katamaṃ yampicchaṃ na labhati tampi dukkhaṃ? Jātidhammānaṃ sattānaṃ evaṃ icchā uppajjati—

“aho vata, mayaṃ na jātidhammā assāma; na ca, vata, no jāti āgaccheyyā”ti. Na kho panetaṃ icchāya pattabbaṃ. Idampi “yampicchaṃ na labhati tampi dukkhaṃ”.

Jarādhammānaṃ sattānaṃ…pe…  byādhidhammānaṃ sattānaṃ…pe…  maraṇadhammānaṃ sattānaṃ…pe…  sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsadhammānaṃ sattānaṃ evaṃ icchā uppajjati—

“aho vata, mayaṃ na sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsadhammā assāma; na ca, vata, no sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā āgaccheyyun”ti. Na kho panetaṃ icchāya pattabbaṃ. Idampi “yampicchaṃ na labhati tampi dukkhaṃ”.

Tattha katame saṃkhittena pañcupādānakkhandhā dukkhā? Seyyathidaṃ—  rūpupādānakkhandho, vedanupādānakkhandho, saññupādānakkhandho, saṅkhārupādānakkhandho, viññāṇupādānakkhandho. Ime vuccanti “saṃkhittena pañcupādānakkhandhā dukkhā”.

Idaṃ vuccati “dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ”.