11.10 Dasa dhammā

Dasa dhammā

Dasa dhammā bahukārā…pe…  dasa dhammā sacchikātabbā.

Katame dasa dhammā bahukārā? Dasa nāthakaraṇā dhammā—  idhāvuso, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti, pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvuto viharati ācāragocarasampanno, aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu. Yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti…pe…  sikkhati sikkhāpadesu. Ayampi dhammo nāthakaraṇo. (1)

Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu bahussuto…pe…  diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā. Yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu bahussuto…pe…  ayampi dhammo nāthakaraṇo. (2)

Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu kalyāṇamitto hoti kalyāṇasahāyo kalyāṇasampavaṅko. Yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu…pe…  kalyāṇasampavaṅko. Ayampi dhammo nāthakaraṇo. (3)

Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu suvaco hoti sovacassakaraṇehi dhammehi samannāgato, khamo padakkhiṇaggāhī anusāsaniṃ. Yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu…pe…  anusāsaniṃ. Ayampi dhammo nāthakaraṇo. (4)

Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu yāni tāni sabrahmacārīnaṃ uccāvacāni kiṃkaraṇīyāni tattha dakkho hoti analaso tatrupāyāya vīmaṃsāya samannāgato, alaṃ kātuṃ, alaṃ saṃvidhātuṃ. Yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu…pe…  alaṃ saṃvidhātuṃ. Ayampi dhammo nāthakaraṇo. (5)

Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu dhammakāmo hoti piyasamudāhāro abhidhamme abhivinaye uḷārapāmojjo. Yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu…pe…  uḷārapāmojjo. Ayampi dhammo nāthakaraṇo. (6)

Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu santuṭṭho hoti itarītarehi cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārehi. Yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu…pe…  ayampi dhammo nāthakaraṇo. (7)

Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu āraddhavīriyo viharati…pe…  kusalesu dhammesu. Yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu…pe…  ayampi dhammo nāthakaraṇo. (8)

Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu satimā hoti, paramena satinepakkena samannāgato, cirakatampi cirabhāsitampi saritā anussaritā. Yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu…pe…  ayampi dhammo nāthakaraṇo. (9)

Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu paññavā hoti udayatthagāminiyā paññāya samannāgato, ariyāya nibbedhikāya sammā dukkhakkhayagāminiyā. Yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu…pe…  ayampi dhammo nāthakaraṇo. Ime dasa dhammā bahukārā. (10)

Katame dasa dhammā bhāvetabbā? Dasa kasiṇāyatanāni—  pathavīkasiṇameko sañjānāti uddhaṃ adho tiriyaṃ advayaṃ appamāṇaṃ. Āpokasiṇameko sañjānāti…pe…  tejokasiṇameko sañjānāti…  vāyokasiṇameko sañjānāti…  nīlakasiṇameko sañjānāti…  pītakasiṇameko sañjānāti…  lohitakasiṇameko sañjānāti…  odātakasiṇameko sañjānāti…  ākāsakasiṇameko sañjānāti…  viññāṇakasiṇameko sañjānāti uddhaṃ adho tiriyaṃ advayaṃ appamāṇaṃ. Ime dasa dhammā bhāvetabbā.

Katame dasa dhammā pariññeyyā? Dasāyatanāni—  cakkhāyatanaṃ, rūpāyatanaṃ, sotāyatanaṃ, saddāyatanaṃ, ghānāyatanaṃ, gandhāyatanaṃ, jivhāyatanaṃ, rasāyatanaṃ, kāyāyatanaṃ, phoṭṭhabbāyatanaṃ. Ime dasa dhammā pariññeyyā.

Katame dasa dhammā pahātabbā? Dasa micchattā—  micchādiṭṭhi, micchāsaṅkappo, micchāvācā, micchākammanto, micchāājīvo, micchāvāyāmo, micchāsati, micchāsamādhi, micchāñāṇaṃ, micchāvimutti. Ime dasa dhammā pahātabbā.

Katame dasa dhammā hānabhāgiyā? Dasa akusalakammapathā—  pāṇātipāto, adinnādānaṃ, kāmesumicchācāro, musāvādo, pisuṇā vācā, pharusā vācā, samphappalāpo, abhijjhā, byāpādo, micchādiṭṭhi. Ime dasa dhammā hānabhāgiyā.

Katame dasa dhammā visesabhāgiyā? Dasa kusalakammapathā—  pāṇātipātā veramaṇī, adinnādānā veramaṇī, kāmesumicchācārā veramaṇī, musāvādā veramaṇī, pisuṇāya vācāya veramaṇī, pharusāya vācāya veramaṇī, samphappalāpā veramaṇī, anabhijjhā, abyāpādo, sammādiṭṭhi. Ime dasa dhammā visesabhāgiyā.

Katame dasa dhammā duppaṭivijjhā? Dasa ariyavāsā—  idhāvuso, bhikkhu pañcaṅgavippahīno hoti, chaḷaṅgasamannāgato, ekārakkho, caturāpasseno, paṇunnapaccekasacco, samavayasaṭṭhesano, anāvilasaṅkappo, passaddhakāyasaṅkhāro, suvimuttacitto, suvimuttapañño.

Kathañcāvuso, bhikkhu pañcaṅgavippahīno hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhuno kāmacchando pahīno hoti, byāpādo pahīno hoti, thinamiddhaṃ pahīnaṃ hoti, uddhaccakukkuccaṃ pahīnaṃ hoti, vicikicchā pahīnā hoti. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, bhikkhu pañcaṅgavippahīno hoti. (1)

Kathañcāvuso, bhikkhu chaḷaṅgasamannāgato hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā neva sumano hoti na dummano, upekkhako viharati sato sampajāno. Sotena saddaṃ sutvā…pe…  ghānena gandhaṃ ghāyitvā…  jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā…  kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ phusitvā…  manasā dhammaṃ viññāya neva sumano hoti na dummano, upekkhako viharati sato sampajāno. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, bhikkhu chaḷaṅgasamannāgato hoti. (2)

Kathañcāvuso, bhikkhu ekārakkho hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu satārakkhena cetasā samannāgato hoti. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, bhikkhu ekārakkho hoti. (3)

Kathañcāvuso, bhikkhu caturāpasseno hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu saṅkhāyekaṃ paṭisevati, saṅkhāyekaṃ adhivāseti, saṅkhāyekaṃ parivajjeti, saṅkhāyekaṃ vinodeti. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, bhikkhu caturāpasseno hoti. (4)

Kathañcāvuso, bhikkhu paṇunnapaccekasacco hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhuno yāni tāni puthusamaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ puthupaccekasaccāni, sabbāni tāni nunnāni honti paṇunnāni cattāni vantāni muttāni pahīnāni paṭinissaṭṭhāni. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, bhikkhu paṇunnapaccekasacco hoti. (5)

Kathañcāvuso, bhikkhu samavayasaṭṭhesano hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhuno kāmesanā pahīnā hoti, bhavesanā pahīnā hoti, brahmacariyesanā paṭippassaddhā. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, bhikkhu samavayasaṭṭhesano hoti. (6)

Kathañcāvuso, bhikkhu anāvilasaṅkappā hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhuno kāmasaṅkappo pahīno hoti, byāpādasaṅkappo pahīno hoti, vihiṃsāsaṅkappo pahīno hoti. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, bhikkhu anāvilasaṅkappo hoti. (7)

Kathañcāvuso, bhikkhu passaddhakāyasaṅkhāro hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānā pubbeva somanassadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamā adukkhamasukhaṃ upekkhāsatipārisuddhiṃ catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, bhikkhu passaddhakāyasaṅkhāro hoti. (8)

Kathañcāvuso, bhikkhu suvimuttacitto hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhuno rāgā cittaṃ vimuttaṃ hoti, dosā cittaṃ vimuttaṃ hoti, mohā cittaṃ vimuttaṃ hoti. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, bhikkhu suvimuttacitto hoti. (9)

Kathañcāvuso, bhikkhu suvimuttapañño hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu ‘rāgo me pahīno ucchinnamūlo tālāvatthukato anabhāvaṃkato āyatiṃ anuppādadhammo’ti pajānāti. ‘Doso me pahīno…pe…  āyatiṃ anuppādadhammo’ti pajānāti. ‘Moho me pahīno…pe…  āyatiṃ anuppādadhammo’ti pajānāti. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, bhikkhu suvimuttapañño hoti. Ime dasa dhammā duppaṭivijjhā. (10)

Katame dasa dhammā uppādetabbā? Dasa saññā—  asubhasaññā, maraṇasaññā, āhārepaṭikūlasaññā, sabbalokeanabhiratisaññā, aniccasaññā, anicce dukkhasaññā, dukkhe anattasaññā, pahānasaññā, virāgasaññā, nirodhasaññā. Ime dasa dhammā uppādetabbā.

Katame dasa dhammā abhiññeyyā? Dasa nijjaravatthūni—  sammādiṭṭhissa micchādiṭṭhi nijjiṇṇā hoti. Ye ca micchādiṭṭhipaccayā aneke pāpakā akusalā dhammā sambhavanti, te cassa nijjiṇṇā honti. Sammāsaṅkappassa micchāsaṅkappo…pe…  sammāvācassa micchāvācā…  sammākammantassa micchākammanto…  sammāājīvassa micchāājīvo…  sammāvāyāmassa micchāvāyāmo…  sammāsatissa micchāsati…  sammāsamādhissa micchāsamādhi…  sammāñāṇassa micchāñāṇaṃ nijjiṇṇaṃ hoti. Sammāvimuttissa micchāvimutti nijjiṇṇā hoti. Ye ca micchāvimuttipaccayā aneke pāpakā akusalā dhammā sambhavanti, te cassa nijjiṇṇā honti. Ime dasa dhammā abhiññeyyā.

Katame dasa dhammā sacchikātabbā? Dasa asekkhā dhammā—  asekkhā sammādiṭṭhi, asekkho sammāsaṅkappo, asekkhā sammāvācā, asekkho sammākammanto, asekkho sammāājīvo, asekkho sammāvāyāmo, asekkhā sammāsati, asekkho sammāsamādhi, asekkhaṃ sammāñāṇaṃ, asekkhā sammāvimutti. Ime dasa dhammā sacchikātabbā.

Iti ime satadhammā bhūtā tacchā tathā avitathā anaññathā sammā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā”ti. Idamavocāyasmā sāriputto. Attamanā te bhikkhū āyasmato sāriputtassa bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti.

Dasuttarasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ ekādasamaṃ.

Pāthikavaggo niṭṭhito.

Tassuddānaṃ

Pāthiko ca udumbaraṃ,
cakkavatti aggaññakaṃ;
Sampasādanapāsādaṃ,
mahāpurisalakkhaṇaṃ.

Siṅgālāṭānāṭiyakaṃ,
saṅgīti ca dasuttaraṃ;
Ekādasahi suttehi,
pāthikavaggoti vuccati.

Pāthikavaggapāḷi niṭṭhitā.

Tīhi vaggehi paṭimaṇḍito sakalo

dīghanikāyo samatto.